The growing global burden of metabolic diseases alongside recurrent infectious disease outbreaks has exposed fundamental limitations in disease surveillance systems that remain siloed, reactive, and disease specific, despite increasing eviden Read more

Relapse remains a defining challenge in the long-term management of substance use disorders, underscoring the need for approaches that move beyond episodic treatment and retrospective assessment. Our review examines the emerging role of digit Read more

The widespread adoption of universal antiretroviral therapy has transformed the global HIV response and led to substantial reductions in HIV-related mortality. However, advanced HIV disease continues to contribute disproportionately to deaths Read more

Background: The HIV care cascade is widely used to monitor national HIV responses, yet persistent losses across cascade stages continue to undermine epidemic control. Methods: We conducted a structured narrat Read more

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss, and behavioural changes, significantly impacting patients’ quality of life and placing a substantial burden on h Read more

We read with interest the article by Meldau et al. on the frequency of pathogenic mtDNA variants in African L-haplogroups in patients with mitochondrial disorders (MIDs) from an African and a US center [1]. Haplogroup context was determined in 82 Read more

With the global population aging rapidly, the incidence of stroke and its associated burden on healthcare systems and society are projected to rise significantly. Stroke survivors often experience a range of long-term complications, including sens Read more

It is generally accepted that Coxsackievirus B (CVB) infections are a major factor in initiating or hastening the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and islet autoimmunity, especially in people with genetic predispositions. These viruses ha Read more

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women around the world. Ki-67is a nuclear protein that is linked to cell growth. It has become an important biomarker for predicting and diagnosing breast cancer. The goal of this study w Read more

There are various barriers that limit the utilization of dental services in primary health care clinics globally. Utilization of dental services in primary health care centers clinics in Katsina State Nigeria is low, and there is a lack of aw Read more